The history of soilless cultivation can be traced back to ancient times. As early as the 6th century BC, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon adopted similar soilless cultivation techniques, planting plants in containers on the roof and maintaining plant growth through artificial irrigation. In modern times, soilless cultivation technology has been further developed. In 1840, German scientist Liebig proposed the theory of plant mineral nutrition, laying the theoretical foundation for soilless cultivation. In the early 20th century, American scientist Glick applied soilless cultivation technology to commercial production for the first time, pioneering modern soilless cultivation. Since then, soilless cultivation technology has been wide Hydroponics is the most common type of soilless cultivation. It involves immersing the roots of plants directly in a nutrient solution, which provides water and nutrients to the plants. Hydroponics can be divided into two types: static hydroponics and dynamic hydroponics. Static hydroponics is to fix the plants in a container without the nutrient solution flowing; dynamic hydroponics is to circulate the nutrient solution continuously through water pumps and other equipment, providing the plants with more sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Aeroponics, also known as aeroponics, is the process of atomizing nutrient solution into tiny particles and spraying the nutrient solution on the roots of plants through a spray device to provide water and nutrients for the plants. Aeroponics can greatly increase the contact area between plant roots and oxygen, and increase plant growth rate and yield. Substrate cultivation is to plant plants in a substrate, which provides water and nutrients to the plants. The substrate can be inorganic materials such as rock wool, coconut bran, perlite, or organic materials such as peat and bark. Substrate cultivation can be divided into rock wool cultivation, coconut bran cultivation, perlite cultivation and other types.